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As an indigenous hunter-gatherer society living mostly in the Taman-Negara rainforest, the Batek’s way of life is currently under a great deal of threat from government pressures, deforestation, and tourism. I hope that by better comprehending their musical practices more can be understood about what is at the root of their resilience in the face of these threats. Many cultures separate music and language as separate methods of communication, usually prioritising language as the most effective and direct means of communication. Often, however, cultures who have not had the direct experience of literacy training are more likely to see music, language, gesture and dance, as well as numerous other facets of communication, as part of the same process of message communication. I hope that in understanding further the complete spectrum of communication used by the Batek, that I will better comprehend what it is that forms the basis of their resilience.

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